First Aid Tips
N Minor cuts and Grazes ®
Ø Small clean cut should be made to bleed for a short time to
cleanse it
Ø Wash the surrounding area with soap and water and dry with a towel
Ø Apply a little antiseptic cream or lotion and cover with a sterile dressing.
N Severe Bleeding-Heavy loss of blood endangers life. While awaiting proper medical treatment do the following ®
Ø Try to soap the bleeding by applying pressure directly on the cut for 3-5 minutes
Ø Wrap a small hard object in a clean cloth and apply it hard to the cut with the pressure of both the thumbs
Ø The injured place should be kept in a high up position
Ø If possible give ½ little Oral Dehydration Salt (ORS).
N Ordinary Nose Bleeds ®
Ø Firmly pinch together the front part of the nose for about ten minutes-with intermittent loosing the grip
Ø Rub a piece of ice on the bridge of the nose during this time.
Ø Wash Nostrils with ice cold water
N Broken Bones®
Ø Avoid unnecessary movement. Obtain immediate or call emergency services
N Minor burns and Scalds®
Ø Hold the affected part under running cold water until the pain wears off.
Ø If a dressing is applied it should be a simple dry one
Ø Do not use any ointment
Ø If a blister forms, do not pick, it protects the skin beneath while healing takes place.
N Major Burns and Scalds®
Ø If a person’s clothing is burning, wrap him quickly in a blanket or any similar item that might be handy to smother the flames.
Ø For both burns and scalds make no attempt to remove clothes to investigate injury
Ø Just cover the person in a light blanket and send for medical help at once.
N Injury Due to Electric Shock®
Ø Break the contact by switching off the current by removing the plug or wrenching the cable free
Ø If this is impossible, stand on some DRY insulating material (rubber is best), then, using dry wood, folded newspaper, or rubber try to break the contact by pushing the person’s limbs away from the current.
N Choking®
Ø If a small child chokes, hold him upside down by the legs and thump the child between his shoulder blades
Ø A bigger child should be placed over your knees with his head and shoulders handing down, give several sharp blows between the shoulders
Ø For an adult, strike three or four sharp blows between the shoulders
Ø Give heart Lung resuscitation if the patient remain unconscious.
N Sprained Ankle®
Ø If the ankle is twisted badly the joint may fill up with fluid causing pain and swelling
Ø Bind the ankle with cloth soaked in very cold water
Ø Lay the patient down and deep the foot raised above the level of his head to prevent and more liquid pouring into the join
Ø Do not allow the patient to walk on the injured ankle.
N Fainting®
Ø Lay the patient flat and raise the legs above the level of his head. This enables adequate blood supply to return to head. Loosen all clothing about the neck, chest and waist.
Ø Another method is to push the head forward until it rests between the knees
Ø If the fainting accounts from a heat stroke give him an ORS-instantly and keep him at bed rest for 10 minutes.
N Head Lung resuscitation-if the patient has stopped breathing and no pulse can be found, then do the following:®
Ø Ensure an open airway by laying the person flat on his back, then support the nape of the neck and top of the head backwards until jaw is pointing straight up.
Ø Ventilate the lungs by pinching the nostrils shut and then blowing through the mouth. Watch the chest movement, then repeat.
Ø At the same, some one else should place the heel or one hand on the lower part of the chest, now cover one hand with the other. With straight arms rock forward and press down 1.5 inches on the lower half of the breast bone and then release pressure. Repeat this movement once in every second at lower part of the chest. The direction of the compression should towards left chest.
Ø The rule of HLR is to provide one mouth to mouth breathing is every 4 seconds or after every 4/5 compression or cardiac massage; that means patient should receive 15/20 mouth to mouth breathing in 01 minute.
Ø If only one rescuer is present, he should inflate the lungs with 2 or 3 quick breaths
Ø Obtain ECG as soon as possible.
